Dear students

Сайн байцгаана уу. Эссе бичих тухай тайлбар орууллаа. Writing task 1 /график, хүснэгт болон зураг тайлбарлах/ болон Writing task 2 /сэдвийн дагуу эссе бичих/ тухай миний тайлбарыг анхааралтай уншаад номон дээр байгаа бичих дасгалын дагуу өөрсдөө эссе бичиж үзнэ үү.

Writing task 2

-  You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

- There are A) 2 concept /2 questions/ essay and 3 concept /3 questions/ essay.

                  B) argumentative essay / agree, disagree/

I. Two or Three concept essay asks about:

- Effects /results, outcomes, consequence/

- Causes / reasons, factors, occasion/

- Advantages / pros, benefits, reward, vantage/

- Disadvantages / cons, drawbacks, handicap, detriment/

Topic. AIDS is a deadly disease which has harmed many lives. What are the effects of AIDS. Provide some practical solutions to solve it.

Жишээ нь энэ даалгаварт effects ба solutions асуусан байна. Тэгэхээр 2 concept /2 questions/ essay гэсэн үг.

Эхлээд маш хурдан бичих effects ба solutions гэдгээ тодорхойлоод бичдэг юм уу эсвэл толгойдоо төлөвлөнө. Жишээ нь:

Effects: 1. Death /slowly but surely die, can’t live no longer/ 2. Isolation /nobody wants to talk to you, be alone, alienated, cause depression, leads to suicidal/ 3. Financial crisis

Solution: 1. Sex education /introduce sex in school/ 2. Religious background 3. Compulsory blood check-ups/          

Үүний дараа бичиж эхэлнэ.

P1: Introduction- short 3-4 sentences / оршил хэсэгт effects ба solutions -гаа оруулахгүй өөр нэг юм, жишээ нь  causes ч юм уу бичнэ./

            It is undoubtedly true that…….

It is a well known fact that……

It goes without saying that…….

It is undeniably true that………….

/гэж байгаад бас даалгаврын гарчгийг нь жаахан өөрчлөөд бичнэ. Тэгээд араас нь асуугаагүй нэг concept бичнэ./

It is undoubtedly true that AIDS is a fatal illness which has killed millions of lives. Unfortunately, there is no cure to this horrendous sickness. Unprotected sex and needle sharing are the two obvious factors of AIDS. From my observation, there are several effects and solutions to beat AIDS.

           

P2: Effects /2-3 sentences/ одоо effect-ээ бичнэ. Харин ийм эссе-д paragraph тус бүрийн төгсгөлд conclusion бичдэг.

            To begin with……

            To start off with …..

            First and foremost…… there are 3 effects….

P3: Solutions /2-3 sentences/

            Besides that …….there are 3 feasible solutions…..

After each paragraph, write conclusions:

            In a nutshell, ……..

            To cut it short, …….

            All in all, ………

            To make a long story short, …………

            To summarize, ………..

Жишээ нь:

………………..there are 3 effects of AIDS. Death is seen as the first outcome of AIDS. The second effect is …………..

In a nutshell, these are the effects of AIDS.

………………there are 3 solutions to get rid of AIDS. Sex education is considered as one of the most powerful ways to curb AIDS.

All in all, these are solutions of AIDS.

P4: Conclusion /3 sentences хэсэгт дахиад introduction хэсгээ өөрчилж бичээд өөрийн санаа бодол буюу believe, ирээдүйд юу хүсч байгаа буюу wish-ээ бичнэ.

            - Restate thesis

            - give your opinion / I truly believe…./

            - wish in the future / I sincerely wish that…./

To conclude, theses are outcomes and methods to solve this disease. I truly believe that everyone should live healthily to avoid this awful dilemma. I sincerely wish that doctors and scientists would find cure for AIDS in the near future.

II. 2 дахь үндсэн эссены бас нэг төрөл нь “Argumentative” essay / agree, disagree/

Topic. In modern lifestyles there are many working mothers. A lot of people say women must work and earn money, it is not their work to nurture children at home.

Do you agree or disagree?

Бас эхлээд маш хурдан юутай нь санал нийлж байна, харин санал нийлэхгүй шалтгаан юу байна гэдгээ дотроо бодож төлөвлөнө. Жишээ нь:

Agree: 1. To gain independence /reliable to husband, depended to husband/ financially free 2. To help out with the finance, income will grow

Disagree: 1. To nurture children /if you work who look after them/

- Usually have 5 paragraphs. It is debatable, controversial essay. /agree or disagree/

Agree гэж бичих гэж байгаа бол эхний 2 paragraph дээр өөрийн бодлыг дэмжсэн санаагаа бичнэ. Харин хамгийн сүүлийн paragraph-д эсрэг санаагаа дурьдаад гэхдээ би бол үүний эсрэг байна гээд бичнэ. Жишээ дээр хараар бичсэн өгүүлбэрүүдийг цээжлээд дундуур нь оруулаад бичиж болно.

- Introduction: 3-4 sentences /don’t give any of your answers in the introduction/

- P1: reason №1.

            My main argument is …………..

- P2: reason №2.

            My next argument is …………..

-P3: Why people disagree-support

            However, many others would argue and disagree that women should help their spouses. They believe that women should stay at home and nurture their children instead of wasting time working. They also feel that if women work, their family might be neglected. I understand their point of view, but I can not agree with it. I still feel that women have the right to work, to have a better family.

- Conclusion- open your mind again. 2 sentences.

            In a nutshell, I understand that everything in this world has its own good or bad points. Nonetheless, I would still make a stand and agree that women ought to work and to help their spouses.

Writing task 1

- You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

- They will give you a picture. /bar graph, pie chart, line graph, diagram, flow chart or table/.

- Only write what you see. Don’t write reasons. Just give information, no opinions.

- If there are 2 subjects, write conclusion.

- If there is 1 subject, don’t write conclusion.

- Don’t write everything in one paragraph.

1. Introduction.

 Энэ хэсэгт IELTS тестны Task1 гэсэн хэсэгт өгсөн даалгаврыг зарим үгийг нь өөрчлөөд бичнэ. Жишээ нь:

Task 1. The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into 3 categories, from 1995-2002. Summarize the information. Write at least 150 words.

Гэсэн даалгавар өгсөн байвал:  

The bar chart below demonstrates the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into local-fixed line, national and international-fixed line and mobiles calls for 7 years.

Гэх мэт ганц хоёр үгийг нь солиод л бичнэ. Ингэхэд энэ хэсэгт л гэхэд 24-25 үг болчихно.

- The graph displays/shows/demonstrates/illustrates/presents ……….гэх мэт үг ашиглаж болно.

2. Body paragraph.

Зургаа юм уу өгсөн хүснэгтийг нь харж байгаад хэдэн д огол мөр бичихээ шийднэ. Энэ дээрх зурагт оноор нь салгаж бичих гэхээр хэтэрхий олон болохоор ангиллаар нь бичвэл зүгээр байна. 1-р paragraph-д local-fixed line calls яаж өөрчлөгдсөнийг бичээд харин 2,3-р хэсэгт  national and international-fixed line and mobiles-г бичнэ.

From the graph, we can clearly see that………………

- It increased/grew/climbed/rose/went up/jumped…………………….

- It decreased/ fell/dropped/declined…………………

- It reached plateau…………

- It remained constant…………..

- increased slowly/slightly……………

- decreased moderately/gradually/steadily……………..

- grew sharply/drastically/rapidly/dramatically……………

Гээд л ижил утгатай үгнүүдээр өгүүлбэр өгүүлбэрт нь солиод л өссөн байна, буурсан байна, тогтвортой байна гэх мэт бичээд л болоо. Ингэхдээ дараах холбоосуудаар өгүүлбэрүүдээ холбоорой.

- Following that, …….

- After that, ……………

- Then, ……………

- However, …………

- Surprisingly, …………..

- Next, ……………………

CONCLUSION хэсэгт бүх хэсгийнхээ зөвхөн хамгийн өндөр утга, хамгийн бага утгыг нь л бичихэд болно.

- Finally, ………………….

- In comparison, the highest jump was………

- recorded a fall of 5000 in ……….

Grammar point

Сайн байцгаана уу.
1) Номны дасгал хийхэд хүндрэлтэй, өмнө үзсэн материалуудаа сэргээх шаардлагатай байгаа бол GRAMMAR POINT, WRITING AND SPEAKING SECTION гэсэн файлаас уншиж танилцаж болно. Дүрмийн тайлбарыг уншаад доор нь өгсөн бататгах дасгалуудыг сайн хийгээд яваарай. Эхний сорилыг тухайн материалаас оруулж авах тул нухацтай хийж, өмнөх мэдлэгээ баталгаажуулаад яваарай.
2) Ном 4 хэсгээс бүрдэж байгаа. LISTENING, SPEAKING, READING, WRITING. Аль хэсгийн даалгаврыг хийхэд хүндрэлтэй байгаа болон ямар чиглэлээр дэлгэрэнгүй тайлбар авах хүсэлтэй байгаагаа бичиж үлдээгээрэй. Багш нь дэлгэрэнгүй тайлбар хийх болно.

Ирц

Сайн байцгаана уу. Хичээлийн ирцэд санаа зовох хэрэггүй. Зайн сургалтын вэбэд тавьсан хичээл рүү хэдэн удаа, хэдэн минут хандсан гэх мэт мэдээллийг багш харж хянаж байгаа. Өгсөн даалгаврыг хийгээд бүгдийг нэг файл болгоод бэлдэнэ үү. Хичээл эхлэхээр нэгдсэн журмаар шалгая гэж бодож байна. Харин номны дасгалууд, Grammar point-н дасгалуудыг хийх явцад асуух зүйл гарвал блог дээр бичээд үлдээгээрэй. Би хараад зөвлөгөө өгөх болно. 

Англи, Солонгос хэлний толь бичиг /гар утасны апп/

IPhone утасных:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/developer?id=Batbayar+Batbaatar&hl=en
Android утасных
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/toli/id1208347555

TOPIK-д бэлдэж байгаа бол

www.youtube.com/batbayar

Солонгос хэлний хичээл

Солонгос хэл үзэж байгаа нэг нь бас сонирхоод үзээрэй.
https://itunes.apple.com/app/id1316917915

Attention, please.

Dear Students,
Your task for this period is:
UNIT 1 - Lesson 1. Listening
              - Lesson 2. Speaking
              - Lesson 3. Reading
              - Lesson 4. Writing
UNIT 2 - Lesson 1. Listening
              - Lesson 2. Speaking
              - Lesson 3. Reading
              - Lesson 4. Writing
Grammar point 1.

Listening CD

https://drive.google.com/open?id=13NEhQZdptFawFlK5Urqkz8TP3QMsI4AD

Writing and Speaking section

WRITING SECTION I:

LETTER WRITING

Informal Letters:

·        Informal or personal letters are those you write to people you know – friends, cousins, aunts, uncles, etc.

·        Informal letters should be friendly, chatty and relaxed as though you're talking to the person.

·        You sign an informal or personal letter using phrases like – Best Wishes, Love, Yours truly, Lots of love etc.

46 Riverview Park, Your address                       Glentown, Dublin 23 The date       15th Ferruary, 2020 Dear Jim,       The opening greeting How are things in Wicklow? I have not seen you for ages so I decided to write and give you all the news from Glentown.                     Paragraph 1 The football team is doing really well this season. We have reached the semi-final of the Cup. The new goalkeeper we got after you left is great. He has not let in a goal in the last three matches.  Paragraph 2 My sister, Sandra, has just had a baby girl, so I am now an uncle. Maybe I will be able to make some money from baby-sitting and then I can come down on the train to visit you.  Paragraph 3 Write soon and let me know all the news. Your friend,       The closing Martin              Your signature

Formal Letters:

Formal letters are business like and get quickly to the point. Formal letters are different to personal letters. You do not write in a chatty manner or use slang. For example, you would write a different letter to your Principal inviting him to your class JCSP graduation as you would to your friend.

Formal letters are usually written for some of the following:

– To apply for a job.

– To make a complaint.

– To order goods.

– To the editor of a newspaper.

– To ask for something – a form, an appointment.

– To ask for information.

– To make a booking for a holiday etc.

– To invite someone to an event or to visit such as a school open day or a JCSP celebration.

Points to note:

·        The sender's address (your address), is on the top right-hand corner.

·        The address of the company/person to whom the letter is being sent is written on the left-hand side.

·        When you do not know the name of the person to whom you are writing, you may start with 'Dear Sir/Madam'.

·        If you begin with 'Dear Sir/Madam', you end the letter with 'Yours faithfully', and your full name.

·        If you know the name of the person you are sending the letter to e.g. Dear Ms Smith, you end the letter with ‘Yours sincerely’ and your full name.

·        Remember to use capital letters, full stops and commas.

·        Use paragraphs in your letter – at least 3

65 Roselawn Avenue, Your address         Riverside, Dublin 19. The date                6th May 2019 Mail Order Department, Unisport Ltd.,                                 The name & address of the person and company you are writing to 26B Ardmore Industrial Estate,  Hightown, Co. Cork. Dear Sir/Madam,              If you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to use Sir/Madam I would like to order a pair of trainers, which you advertised in today's 'Evening Herald'.  Paragraph 1 give the reason you are writing Please send me a pair of trainers, size five. I enclose a Postal Order for $25.  Paragraph 2 you write the main point of the letter I hope that the trainers can be sent to me without delay.   This last paragraph sums up and finishes the letter Yours faithfully,    This is the ending you use if you do not know the person to whom you are writing Mark Black.          Your signature

PRACTICE

Exercise 1: Phrases for informal letters. Finish the sentences with appropriate endings or further  

                      comments:

• Dear…
• How are …
• Hope everything is …
• We should get together. How about …
• Please let me know if you can …
• How about we …
• I’m sorry to hear about
• I need to ask a favour. Can you …
• Hope to see you …
• That reminds me of …
• Write …

Exercise 2:  Write informal letters using the following subjects.

·        Write a letter to a friend who enjoys sport. You saw him or her last week and want to arrange to meet up again soon.

·        Write a letter to a friend to invite them on holiday. Give him or her some details about where you are going and what you can do there.

·        Write a letter to an extended family member you have not seen in years. Ask how they are doing and give details about what you are up to.

·        Write a letter to your cousin who is has just lost his/her job. Express your sympathy and ask how you can help. Tell them about a new job opening in your company.

·        Write a letter to your grandparents telling them about your new house, your plans for decoration and invite them to visit you.

Exercise 3: Phrases for formal letters. Finish the sentences.

• I would like to thank you for …
• I would like to request that …
• Would it be at all possible for …
• I would be grateful if you could …
• Please find enclosed …
• Yours …
• Thank you for your …
• Thanking you in …
• Kind …
• Best …
• I would like to place an …
• I am sorry to have to inform you that …

Exercise 4: Write formal letters using the following subjects:

·        Write a letter to your bank manager, asking for clarification about a problem with your account

·        Write a letter applying for a job, telling the manager why you would like the position and why you would be good at the job

·        Write a letter of complaint to a hotel where you had an unpleasant stay

·        Write a letter ordering some new furniture and suggesting a good time for delivery

Exercise 5: Choose the correct one.

1. If you are writing a job application letter but you haven't been given a named contact, how do you sign off your letter?

            A) Cheers                    

            B) Yours faithfully                   

            C) Yours sincerely

2. If you are writing a letter to your current employers, how do you finish the letter?

            A) Yours sincerely       

            B) Yours faithfully                   

            C) All the best

3. If writing to your best friend, which way of closing a letter would be best?

            A) Yours faithfully      

            B) Yours sincerely                   

            C) All the best

4. When you are writing a formal letter to a company, what information do you include? 

            A) Your address           

            B) Both your address and the company's address

            C) Your date of birth

5. True or false? Before you start a letter, the most important thing to think about is who is going to read it.

            A) True                       

            B) False

6. If you were writing a letter to the Housing Department to log a repair, how would you begin your     

    letter?

            A) Dear Fred                

            B) Hi                                       

            C) Dear Sir or Madam

7. If you are writing a letter of complaint to the Housing Department because your repair has not

     been dealt  with, how would you start your letter?

            A) I'm sick of this council.

            B) If you don't get someone out here quickly, I will call my MP.

            C) I am writing to report a problem with my bathroom.

8. If you are writing a complaint letter to your local council, what is the best way to end the letter?

            A) Hope all is well.

            B) I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

            C) Send someone round here now or else.

9. You are writing to a mail order company to request a catalogue. What should you include in your letter?

            A) the exact name of the catalogue

            B) The reason you need the catalogue

            C) what you like about the company

10. What do the letters 'SAE' stand for?

            A) signed addressed envelope                           

            B) stamped addressed envelop

WRITING SCTION II:

CURRICULUM VITAE and APPLICATION FORM

A curriculum vitae (CV or vita) is a written overview of a person's experience and other qualifications for a job opportunity. In some countries, a CV is typically the first item that a potential employer encounters regarding the job seeker and is typically used to screen applicants, often followed by an interview.  CVs may also be requested for applicants to postsecondary programs, scholarships, grants and bursaries.

Now, there is no golden rule and not every CV has the same sections. A lot depends on your experience, and where you’re applying to. Though, some parts do stay the same.

The Must-have Sections to include in a CV:

1.    Contact information

2.    Education

3.    Work experience

4.    Skills

Optional Sections to include in a CV:

1.    Certifications and awards

2.    Languages

3.    Personal projects

4.    Volunteer Experience

Exercise. Look at a Poor and a Good CV samples. Write your own CV.

Example of Poor CV

CURRICULUM VITAE John E B Good 10 The Parade Mytown Mytown County MC1 50L DOB    23/10/72                            Status:        Single Employment Experience: Aug 1995 - Feb 1996 Surgical House Officer to Mr Likme Cloggs, consultant breast surgeon and Clinical tutor, Trustworthy NHS Trust, Nearby Town Feb 1996 - Aug 1996 Medical House Officer to Prof. S S Toobe, consultant mitochondria list, University Teaching Hospital, City Aug 1996- Aug 1997 snakebite pancreatitis audit at Bushtucker Hospital, New South Wales Aug 1997- Feb 1998 SHO to Dr Smith and Dr Jones, consultants in general medicine and A&E, Tiny DGH, Somewhere Feb 1998- Aug 1998 SHO to Dr B L C Bubb, consultant cardiologist, Bigger DGH, Somewherelse. Aug 1998- Feb 1999 Senior House Officer to Dr. OB Kenobi and Dr BU Force, consultant nephrologists and RCP tutor, GRI NHS co-operative trust, Customer Town Education: A Medical School 1989 – 1995, University Hospital Graduated (MB ChB) 1995 Passed part one of the MRCP exam. 1990 Alevel Maths, Physics Chemistry, all grade As. 1993 – intercalated BSC in Biochemistry. Research dissertation on the biochemical pathophysiology of haematenuresis nocturnae, Co-author of article in British jounal of irrelevance with Prof. S Orbor. (Br. J Irr 23(4); 1994 pp(245-254) Practical Skills In the course of my previous jobs, I have had to use academic nouse to solve practical problems, learned practical skills such as chest drains and central lines. I am fully versed in the adage ‘see one, do one’. I am very good with my hands and think that a career in invasive radiology, or perhaps cardiology would be ideal. Other practical skills include arterial lines, intubation during cardiorespiratory arrests and rigid sigmoidoscopy. I have also looked after the intensive care and coronary care units whilst on-call. Outside Interests: Chairman of the Medical school charity ‘medical school charity’ 1993 Lay member of university hiking club Audited case notes for quality of patient information in 1998 Secretary of Scandinavia appreciation club (SAC) 1994 (devised fresher’s week motto: “get ‘em in the SAC”) Snakes, reptiles and marsupial collection Internet References: Dr. OB Kenobi Consultant Nephrologist GRI NHS co-operative trust Customer Town Dr BU Force, Consultant Nephrologist and RCP tutor GRI NHS co-operative trust Customer Town

Example of a Good CV

Christopher Morgan Address: 177 Great Portland Street, London W5W 6PQ Phone: +44 (0)20 7666 8555 Email: christoper.morgan@gmail.com OBJECTIVE Provide analysis data support in a company as Data Analyst. WORK EXPERIENCE 04/2014 - 04/018 Data Analyst, GHT Company, Madrid Spain Responsibilities: Establish operation strategy in a team for improving sales Prepare data and information for making regular report data analysis Perform data analysis for complex data and files 03/2012 – 05/2014 Data Analyst, Startup Corporation, Madrid Spain Responsibilities: Composed Java program for interfacing with Oracle database Performed data analysis especially financial data Performed statistical data analysis using STATA Showed data analysis in regular meetings for creating new program EDUCATION  2004 - 2008 Bachelor Degree of Computer Science, Technical University of Madrid 2002 - 2004 Certified as Data Analyst, Data Analyst Certification, Technical University of Madrid ADDITIONAL SKILLS Microsoft Office package: Microsoft Word, Excel, Access Database operation: Microsoft Office Access, Oracle 8i Statistical operation: SPSS, STATA Programming: C++, SQL, HTML LANGUAGES           Spanish-C1                                                     Chinese-A1                                                     German-A2 REFERENCES References available on request

The Application Form

This is a printed (online) form requesting all sorts of information from you, ranging from straightforward biographical details,  work  experience, education, special awards and achievements to paragraphs describing your personal development, including such things as your career goals and aspirations, your successes and failures in life and what you have learned from them, and your personality.  It can be for a job, an internship, or a university application. It is important to take time to prepare adequately for the task of filling in an application form. Let the application form be a convincing commercial for you. Remember that these forms are designed and used to screen you out rather than in, so you need to put much thought and research into answering each question.

PRACTICE

Exercise 1:  Choose the correct answer.

1. Applications can be

            a. online                      

            b. paper            

            c. mailed or emailed to you       

            d. all of the above

2. Applications are used by

            a. some employers        

            b. all employers

            c. most employers                    

            d. only large firms

3. If unsure whether a female is married when you are writing to her, you should

            a. write her first and last name only

            b. write Miss

            c. write Ms.

            d. write Mrs.

4. When completing an online application

            a. you may miss something if you go too quickly

            b. you may be able to save it in stages

            c. it could take more than one hour to complete

            d. all of the above

5. Which is not general advice for completing a job application

            a. type it

            b. read it over before sending

            c. print clearly

            d. spell correctly

Exercise 2. Tick all the things that you write on a CV.

1.      date of birth                  Yes      No

2.      friends                          Yes      No

3.      address                         Yes      No

4.      languages spoken          Yes      No

5.      family                           Yes      No

6.      references                     Yes      No

7.      pets                              Yes      No

8.      telephone number         Yes      No

9.      education history          Yes      No

10.   email address                Yes      No

11.   work experience            Yes      No

12.   favourite food               Yes      No

13.   skills                            Yes      No

Exercise 3. Fill in the following sample Employment Application Form.  

APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT
PLEASE COMPLETE PAGES 1-5.							DATE _________________________________
Name _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Last First Middle Maiden
Present address _______________________________________________________________________________________
Number Street City State Zip
How long ____________________			Social Security No. _______ – _____ – _________
Telephone ( )
If under 18, please list age _____________________
Position applied for (1)________________________ and salary desired (2) ________________________ (Be specific)				Days/hours available to work No Pref _______ Thur _________ Mon _________ Fri __________ Tue __________ Sat __________ Wed _________ Sun _________
How many hours can you work weekly? _________________________ Can you work nights? ________________________
Employment desired 􀂉FULL-TIME ONLY 􀂉PART-TIME ONLY 􀂉FULL- OR PART-TIME
When available for work?______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
TYPE OF SCHOOL	NAME OF SCHOOL	LOCATION (Complete mailing address)			NUMBER OF YEARS COMPLETED			MAJOR & DEGREE
High School
College
Bus. or Trade School
Professional School
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN CONVICTED OF A CRIME? 􀂉No 􀂉Yes
If yes, explain number of conviction(s), nature of offense(s) leading to conviction(s), how recently such offense(s) was/were committed, sentence(s) imposed, and type(s) of rehabilitation. ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
DO YOU HAVE A VALID DRIVER’S LICENSE? 􀂉Yes 􀂉No
What is your means of transportation to work? _______________________________________________________________
Driver’s license number ____________________________ State of issue _______ 􀂉Operator 􀂉Commercial (CDL) 􀂉Chauffeur
Expiration date ______________________
Have you had any accidents during the past three years?						How many? ___________________
Have you had any moving violations during the past three years?						How Many? ___________________
Is there any existing physical disability that would prevent you from performing fully the duties of the job for which you are applying?
􀂉Yes 􀂉No
Please list two professional references.
Name ________________________________________						Name _____________________________________________
Position _______________________________________						Position ___________________________________________
Company _____________________________________						Company __________________________________________
Address _______________________________________						Address ___________________________________________
______________________________________						___________________________________________
Telephone ( )						Telephone ( )
An application form sometimes makes it difficult for an individual to adequately summarize a complete background. Use the space below to summarize any additional information necessary to describe your full qualifications for the specific position for which you are applying.

WRITING SECTION III:

ESSAY WRITING

An essay is a short piece of writing that discusses, describes or analyzes one topic. It can discuss a subject directly or indirectly, seriously or humorously. It can describe personal opinions, or just report information.

Here's a pretty simple format you can follow:

1. Open with an introduction paragraph that does the following things:  
• catches the reader's attention;
• identifies the thing you'll be reviewing (e.g., the title of the book or movie);
• identifies the author, star, or director, if appropriate.
2. Write a full paragraph about each of the aspects you want to examine, making sure each paragraph does these things:
• opens with a topic sentence that says what the paragraph is about;
• has several detail sentences that prove the point you are trying to make;
• uses quotes or examples from the book or movie, if possible, to help prove your point.
3. End with a conclusion paragraph that does the following:
• *briefly* restates the main ideas of the review;
• makes a judgment about the book or movie or whatever, saying whether it is good or bad (some reviewers give ratings, like four stars or two thumbs up);
• recommends that the reader go to the movie or read the book or buy a meal at the restaurant (or not, if it is no good).

What Is an Introduction?

An introduction is the first paragraph or two of an essay. It tells the reader what the essay is about and provides background for the thesis (main idea).

What Is a Thesis?

The thesis statement tells the main idea—or most important idea—of the essay.

What is topic sentence?

Each new idea begins with a topic sentence. It is usually the first sentence of each paragraph and tells what this paragraph is about. 

What is supporting ideas?

Supporting ideas help to convince your reader that your main idea is a good one.

What Is a Conclusion?

The concluding paragraph is separate from the other paragraphs and brings closure to the essay.

Transitional Words and Phrases

Transitional words and phrases connect what a reader has already read to what the reader is going to read. They give the reader an idea of the relationships between the var­ious ideas and supporting points. They also help to show the relationship between sentences.

These words can help you talk about time and the relationship between events: today, tomorrow, next week, yesterday, meanwhile, about, before, during, at, after, soon, immediately, afterward, later, finally, then, when, next, simultaneously, as a result

These words can help you show the order of ideas:

first, second, third, finally, lastly, most importantly, of least importance

These words can help you show location:

above, over, below, beneath, behind, in front of, in back of, on top of inside, outside, near, between, beside, among, around, against, throughout, off, onto, into, beyond

These words can help you compare or demonstrate similarity:

also, as, similarly, in the same way, likewise, like

These words can help you contrast or demonstrate difference:

in contrast, however, although, still, even though, on the other hand, but

These words can help you add information:

in addition, for instance, for example, moreover, next, likewise, besides, another, additionally, again, also, in fact

These words can help you clarify a point:

in other words, for instance, that is, just to reiterate, in summary

These words can help you add emphasis to a point that you are making:

truly, in fact, for this reason, again, just to reiterate

These words can help you conclude or to summarize:

all in all, lastly, as a result, in summary, therefore, finally

There are many different kinds of essays. The most common ones are Argumentative, Cause / Effect, Compare/ Contrast, Descriptive essays.

I) The descriptive essay provides details about how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, makes one feel, or sounds.

There are some useful words and expressions we use when we write essays describing graphs, tables and pictures.

X  increased / rose / grew from … to ...

Y  decreased / fell / dropped / declined from ... to…

There was a / an increase / rise / growth in X

There was a decrease / fall / drop / decline in Y

X peaked at / reached a peak of...

Y levelled off at...

Z fluctuated between...

X remained constant at...

X rose gradually/ steadily/sharply / dramatically to reach ... in 2016            

There was a gradual/ steady / sharp / dramatic fall to ... in 2016

rising / soaring / falling / plummeting prices ...

X had doubled / halved by 2016

This trend continued / was reversed in ...

- From the graph, we can clearly see that………………

- Following that, …….             

- After that, ……………

- Then, ……………                 

- However, …………

- Surprisingly, …………..         

- Next, ……………………

- Finally, ………

- In comparison, the highest jump was………

- recorded a fall of ….. in ……….

II) In two or three-concept essays, they ask about:

- Effects /results, outcomes, consequence/

- Causes / reasons, factors, occasion/

- Solution

- Advantages / pros, benefits, reward, vantage/

- Disadvantages / cons, drawbacks, handicap, detriment/

P1: Introduction- short 3-4 sentences

       It is undoubtedly true that…./restate the topic/   

It is a well known fact that……             

It goes without saying that…….

It is undeniably true that………….

P2: Effects /2-3 sentences/

       To begin with……                               

To start off with …..

       First and foremost…… there are 3 effects….

P3: Solutions /2-3 sentences/

       Besides that …….there are 3 feasible solutions…..

After each paragraph, write conclusions:

       In a nutshell, ……..      

To cut it short, …….

       All in all, ………         

To make a long story short, …………

       To summarize, ………..

P4: Conclusion /3 sentences

       - Restate thesis             

- give your opinion

- I truly believe….

       - wish in the future

- I sincerely wish that….

III) Argumentative essay / agree, disagree/. Usually have 5 paragraphs. It is debatable, controversial essay. The essay explores two sides of a topic and proves why one side or position is the best.

- Introduction: 3-4 sentences /don’t give any of your answers in the introduction/

- Paragraph 1: reason №1.

            My main argument is …………..

- Paragraph 2: reason №2.

            My next argument is …………..

- Paragraph 3: Why people disagree-support

            However, many others would argue and disagree that ……I understand their point of view, but I can not agree with it. I still feel that ...

- Conclusion: open your mind again. 2 sentences.

            In a nutshell, I understand that everything in this world has its own good or bad points. Nonetheless, I would still make a stand and agree that.......

PRACTICE

Exercise 1. Match the questions to the answers.

1.      What is an introduction?            a. sentences that follow the introduction, that    

                                                               are all related to a single topic

2.      What is the thesis statement?     b. the final paragraph and summarizes the     

                                                               information discussed in body paragraphs  

                                                               and paragraph’s controlling idea                       

3.      What are body paragraphs?        c. a sentence with a single controlling idea         

                                                               which supports and develops the paragraph

4.      What are topic sentences?         d. the first paragraph and introduces the main  

                                                               idea of your essay

5.      What is conclusion?                  e. the main idea of the essay stated in a single          

                                                               sentence

6.      What are linking words?            f. They explain and develop the topic sentence                                                   

7.      What are supporting sentences? g. They link two parts of a sentence.

8.      What are conjunctions?               h. They show relationships between ideas join      

                                                                2 or more sentences or clauses.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer.

1. Overall crime rates have steadily _________ over the past three years.

       a. dramatically              b. dropped                     c. fluctuate

2. The cause/effect essay _________  why or how some event happened.

       a. explains                    b. decreases                   c. argues

3. The narrative essay _________  a story.

       a. uses                          b. happens                    c. tells

4. The essay _________  in the form of step-by-step instructions, or in story form, with 
     the instructions/explanations subtly given along the way. 

       a. could                       

       b. could be                   

       c. was

5. The writer _________  serious or funny, but always tries to convince the reader of  

     the validity of his or her opinion.

       a. can either be             

       b. can openly               

       c. can writ

Exercise 3: Describe the pie chart below.

The pie charts below show the online sales for retail sectors in New Zealand in 2003 and 2013.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The graph below shows the number of books read by men and women at Burnaby Public Library from 2011 to 2014.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

 

 

 

Model answer

The graph gives information about Burnaby Public Library between 2011 and 2014. It shows how many library books people read over this four-year period.
As can be seen from the graph, there were different trends for men and women. The number of books read by men increased steadily between 2011 and 2012, from about 3000 to 4000. After that, the number rose dramatically to 14000 books in 2014. This was the highest figure in the period.
Women started off reading more books than men, but their numbers followed a different pattern. Between 2011 and 2012, there was an increase of 3000 from 5000 books to 8000 books, and then a gradual rise to 10000 books in 2013. However, in 2014, their numbers fell back to 8000 again.
Overall, there was a strong upward trend in the number of books read by men. Although women read more books than men in 2011, their reading fell to below the level of men in 2014. (162 words)

WRITING SECTION IV:

REPORT WRITING

Writing the report: The Essential Stages

All reports need to be clear, concise and well structured. The key to writing an effective report is to allocate time for planning and preparation. With careful planning, the writing of a report will be made much easier. The essential stages of successful report writing are described below. Consider how long each stage is likely to take and divide the time before the deadline between the different stages. Be sure to leave time for final proof reading and checking.

Stage 1	Understanding the report brief	This first stage is the most important. You need to be confident that you understand the purpose of your report as described in your report brief or instructions. Consider who the report is for and why it is being written. Check that you understand all the instructions or requirements, and ask your tutor if anything is unclear.
Stage 2	Gathering and selecting information	Once you are clear about the purpose of your report, you need to begin to gather relevant information. Your information may come from a variety of sources, but how much information you will need will depend on how much detail is required in the report. You may want to begin by reading relevant literature to widen your understanding of the topic or issue before you go on to look at other forms of information such as questionnaires, surveys etc. As you read and gather information you need to assess its relevance to your report and select accordingly. Keep referring to your report brief to help you decide what is relevant information.
Stage 3	Organising your material	Once you have gathered information you need to decide what will be included and in what sequence it should be presented. Begin by grouping together points that are related. These may form sections or chapters. Remember to keep referring to the report brief and be prepared to cut any information that is not directly relevant to the report. Choose an order for your material that is logical and easy to follow.
Stage 4	Analysing your material	Before you begin to write your first draft of the report, take time to consider and make notes on the points you will make using the facts and evidence you have gathered. What conclusions can be drawn from the material? What are the limitations or flaws in the evidence? Do certain pieces of evidence conflict with one another? It is not enough to simply present the information you have gathered; you must relate it to the problem or issue described in the report brief.
Stage 5	Writing the report	Having organised your material into appropriate sections and headings you can begin to write the first draft of your report. You may find it easier to write the summary and contents page at the end when you know exactly what will be included. Aim for a writing style that is direct and precise. Avoid waffle and make your points clearly and concisely. Chapters, sections and even individual paragraphs should be written with a clear structure. The structure described below can be adapted and applied to chapters, sections and even paragraphs.
Stage 6	Reviewing and redrafting	Ideally, you should leave time to take a break before you review your first draft. Be prepared to rearrange or rewrite sections in the light of your review. Try to read the draft from the perspective of the reader. Is it easy to follow with a clear structure that makes sense? Are the points concisely but clearly explained and supported by relevant evidence? Writing on a word processor makes it easier to rewrite and rearrange sections or paragraphs in your first draft. If you write your first draft by hand, try writing each section on a separate piece of paper to make redrafting easier.
Stage 7	Presentation	Once you are satisfied with the content and structure of your redrafted report, you can turn your attention to the presentation. Check that the wording of each chapter/section/subheading is clear and accurate. Check that you have adhered to the instructions in your report brief regarding format and presentation. Check for consistency in numbering of chapters, sections and appendices. Make sure that all your sources are acknowledged and correctly referenced. You will need to proof read your report for errors of spelling or grammar. If time allows, proof read more than once. Errors in presentation or expression create a poor impression and can make the report difficult to read.

PRACTICE

Exercise 1: Write a report using the following topics.

·        Industrial Technology: write a recommendation report about improving safety in the classroom or a progress report about your project (clock making, race car construction, welding, automotive work).

·        English: write a progress report on your work this semester (where have you succeeded; where can you improve). Write a recommendation report to the school principal or school district proposing:

-        a new, expanded parking lot

-        new swimming pool

-        new competitive sports

-        new art courses in jewelry

-        a new computer lab

-        a school television or radio station

-        improved tennis courts

-        better cafeteria options (name brand food services)

-        on-campus day care centers

-        earlier dismissal for college-now courses

·        Science: write a laboratory report about one of your projects (including the purpose of the project, equipment used, activities accomplished, and lessons learned).

·        Social Studies: write a status report and/or recommendation report about stocks and bonds you’ve purchased (a mock purchase works well). How are you doing, should you sell, should you buy?

·        Art: write a trip report about a museum visit.

·        Physical Education/Health: write a feasibility report studying a health-related problem (smoking, obesity, anorexia, etc.). Then suggest solutions to the problem.

·        Elementary: your class has been studying biodegradable substances. After burying an item and then digging it up, write a report on the findings.

Exercise 2: When you have completed writing your technical report, refer to the following checklist. 

Put a cross in each of the following checkboxes when you are happy that you have achieved each point.

    Are the purpose and aims clear?

   Are readers needs taken into account?

   Are the main points included?

   Are the points supported by evidence?

   Is all the information relevant to the purpose?

   Is there any (unnecessary) repetition?

   Is the order logical?

   Are the headings and numbering clear?

   Is the information presented clearly?

   Do figures add up?

   Is there a good use of graphics?

   Is the language clear and easy to understand?

   Is the style formal?

   Is the tone suited to the purpose?

   Are the any unnecessary words or phrases?

   Is the grammar and punctuation correct?

   Is the spelling ok?

   Are the conclusions and recommendations clearly linked to the purpose   

        and based on finding.

SPEAKING SECTION I:

INTERVIEW

Some tips to make a good impression at interview

1. First impressions

The obvious one – first impressions count! You need to smile and make sure you have a firm handshake without breaking anyone’s bones. Eye contact is vital so keep your gaze just a few seconds longer than usual, without looking like a lunatic.

2. Questions and answers

Let the interview committee lead the interview but remember that you don’t have to wait until the end of the interview to ask questions. While they’re telling you all about the job and the company, questions from you at this point will emphasize your interest in the position. They may start with the question “Tell us about yourself and your experience, and why you think you would be the best candidate for the job”. This is where it helps to have your elevator speech handy as a brief introduction to whom you are and what you can do. Give examples of your technical and transferable skills and show how these will help you with aspects of the job.

3. And again – your turn

Have questions ready to ask. It’s really important that you ask relevant questions about the job, the company, your prospects within the company… Show the panel that you’ve gone the extra mile and taken the time to find out that bit more about the company – it will definitely go in your favor. Sods Law dictates that they will answer your best question during the conversation, before you’ve had a chance to ask it, but don’t worry about this all through the interview.  It’s automatic to experience a feeling of dread at this point, when you think that you’re not going to have any killer questions to ask at the end.  But worrying about it only distracts you from the interview process, so if this happens, let it slide. Just remember to let the interview panel know that you were keen to ask a particular question, but they had already answered it earlier. It will also serve as a recap and you might be able to think of something else related to it on the spot.

4. Preparation

Before the interview (not the night before – do give this some thought) you should consider how you handle situations like interviews. A common question from an interviewer will be “What makes you nervous”? Have some idea of how you will answer this. They want to know how you handle stressful situations and an interview is a prime example. How will you answer a question like “What are your salary expectations”? A difficult one if you don’t know whether you are over or under selling yourself. Figure out what your strengths and weaknesses are – you need to be able to say what you’re good at and what you’re not so good at. But, do remember to add how you have overcome this weakness using an example e.g. nervous speaking in front of groups = attended a course on PowerPoint presentations/public speaking and am now much better at it!

5. Your reasons for wanting the job

Ask yourself why you want this job because you’ll likely be asked this on the day. Only you know the answer and you need to make it a good one. Just because you need a job isn’t a good enough reason for someone to hire you. Ask yourself what you actually know about the company. Are you interested in a long-term career or is this simply a stopgap for you? They might ask you where you see yourself in 6 months’ or 5 years’ time – how will you answer this. Easy if you see yourself long-term with the company, but not so easy to answer if you don’t.

6. Dress Code

To add to our recent article, “Got an Interview, what to Wear, what to Wear” make sure that you dress professionally. Casual is not good and gives the wrong impression. Of course, this will entirely depend on what type of job you are applying for, but for a professional career position, get it right and buy that killer suit.

7. Be enthusiastic!

You’ve been invited for interview because they believe you can do the job. It’s just down to you on the day to show that you can do it better than anyone else they might be interviewing. Even if you don’t tick all the boxes for the job criteria, I’ll bet you have something just as good or even better to offer. The interview panel don’t know this yet, so you have to tell them. Don’t be negative about a past (or present) employer, working conditions etc., as this will give a really bad impression. Try to show that you are flexible and willing to take on responsibility.

8. Timing is critical

Whatever happens don’t be late!  Arrive 10 minutes before – and if you’re too early then take a walk around the block.  Just don’t leave it until 5 minutes before the interview is due to start, because the interview room might be some distance away from the reception area you have reported to. You don’t want to hurried up 3 flights of stairs and arrive out of breath and stressed.

9. No coffee stains please…

Sometimes, you might be required to take your references with you, so make sure you have these ready and in good condition in a folder. Don’t expect an interviewer to be impressed if you hand over evidence of your capabilities with coffee mug rings as your personal logo.

10. The evening before the interview

I’m not going to say try to relax the evening before because you won’t. If you really want the job, you’ll be pretty nervous. That’s natural – and that’s the best advice anyone can give, to just be natural and be you. That’s the person they’re looking for. Good Luck!

PRACTICE

Interviewing for a Job

1. Tell me something about yourself

2. What kind of position are you looking for?

3. What plans do you have for the future?

5. Tell me about your previous work experience

6. What did you accomplish at your previous job?

7. What would you need to be a satisfied employee?

8. Is salary important to you?

9. Why do you want to work for our company?

10. Are you willing to relocate?

11. When you are in the office, would you be able to leave your personal problems at home and concentrate on your work? How would you accomplish this?

12. Are you a self-starter? Do you like to get precise directions, or would you rather try figure 

       something out?

13. What are your strong points? What are your weaknesses?

14. How do you deal with stress on the job?

15. Can you accept criticism from others?

16. What can you do for our company? In what ways can you contribute to our team?

18. How long are you planning to work with us in our company?

19. What do you know about our company? Why did you choose to apply for a job with us?

20. Do you have any questions you would like to ask us?

SPEAKING SECTION II:

MAKING PRESENTATION

Tips for Effective PowerPoint Presentations

Making a presentation puts you on public display. An audience not only listens to your ideas, it also responds to the way you use your voice and your body. You need more than a well written presentation to make an impact. You will also need to deliver it in a lively, flexible and interesting way.

General Presentation

§  Plan carefully.

§  Do your research.

§  Know your audience.

§  Time your presentation.

§  Speak comfortably and clearly.

§  Check the spelling and grammar.

§  Do not read the presentation. Practice the presentation so you can speak from bullet points. The text should be a cue for the presenter rather than a message for the viewer.

§  Give a brief overview at the start. Then present the information. Finally review important points.

§  It is often more effective to have bulleted points appear one at a time so the audience listens to the presenter rather than reading the screen.

§  Use a wireless mouse or pick up the wired mouse so you can move around as you speak.

§  If sound effects are used, wait until the sound has finished to speak.

§  If the content is complex, print the slides so the audience can take notes.

§  Do not turn your back on the audience. Try to position the monitor so you can speak from it.

Fonts

§  Select a single sans-serif fonts such as Arial or Helvetica. Avoid serif fonts such as Times New Roman or Palatino because these fonts are sometimes more difficult to read.

§  Use no font size smaller than 24 point.

§  Use the same font for all your headlines.

§  Select a font for body copy and another for headlines.

§  Use bold and different sizes of those fonts for captions and subheadings.

§  Add a fourth font for page numbers or as a secondary body font for sidebars.

§  Don’t use more than four fonts in any one publication.

§  Clearly label each screen. Use a larger font (35-45 points) or different color for the title.

§  Use larger fonts to indicate importance.

§  Use different colors, sizes and styles (e.g., bold) for impact.

§  Avoid italicized fonts as these are difficult to read quickly.

§  Avoid long sentences.

§  Avoid abbreviations and acronyms.

§  Limit punctuation marks.

§  No more than 6-8 words per line

§  For bullet points, use the 6 x 6 Rule. One thought per line with no more than 6 words per line and no more than 6 lines per slide

§  Use dark text on light background or light text on dark background. However, dark backgrounds sometimes make it difficult for some people to read the text.

§  Do not use all caps except for titles.

§  Put repeating elements (like page numbers) in the same location on each page of a multi-page document.

§   To test the font, stand six feet from the monitor and see if you can read the slide.

Design and Graphical Images

§  Use design templates.

§  Standardize position, colors, and styles.

§  Include only necessary information.

§  Limit the information to essentials.

§  Content should be self-evident

§  Use colors that contrast and compliment.

§  Too may slides can lose your audience.

§  Keep the background consistent and subtle.

§  Limit the number of transitions used. It is often better to use only one so the audience knows what to expect.

§  Use a single style of dingbat for bullets throughout the page.

§  Use the same graphical rule at the top of all pages in a multi-page document.

§  Use one or two large images rather than several small images.

§  Prioritize images instead of a barrage of images for competing attention.

§  Make images all the same size.

§  Use the same border.

§  Arrange images vertically or horizontally.

§  Use only enough text when using charts or graphical images to explain the chart or graph and clearly label the image.

§  Keep the design clean and uncluttered. Leave empty space around the text and graphical images.

§  Use quality clipart and use it sparingly. A graphical image should relate to and enhance the topic of the slide.

§  Try to use the same style graphical image throughout the presentation (e.g., cartoon, photographs)

§  Limit the number of graphical images on each slide.

§  Repetition of an image reinforces the message. Tie the number of copies of an image to the numbers in your text.

§  Resize, recolor, reverse to turn one image into many. Use duplicates of varying sizes, colors, and orientations to multiply the usefulness of a single clip art image.

§  Make a single image stand out with dramatic contrast. Use color to make a dramatic change to a single copy of your clip art.

§  Check all images on a projection screen before the actual presentation.

§  Avoid flashy images and noisy animation effects unless it relates directly to the slide.

Color

§  Limit the number of colors on a single screen.

§  Bright colors make small objects and thin lines stand out. However, some vibrant colors are difficult to read when projected.

§  Use no more than four colors on one chart.

§  Check all colors on a projection screen before the actual presentation. Colors may project differently than what appears on the monitor.

PRACTICE

Exercise.

a. Answer the questions below.

1.What is the difference between “overview” and “review”?

2. What should be the presenter’s position?

3. What should be the font size in a slide?

4. How should images be used in a presentation?

5. What is the maximum number of colors in one chart?

b. Prepare a presentation on the topic “ My major-my future” with 10-12 slides.