Exam

№1.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.In your lifetime, what was your greatest accomplishment?  What did you learn from it?

3. How often do you use a computer? What for do you use it?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 1.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 1

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Likewise, the storage units are divided into main storage unit and auxiliary storage device, depending on their functions.

2. You can interface, synchronize and exchange information between various peripherals.

3. Бит нь компьютер доторх өгөгдлийг төлөөлөн үзүүлдэг хамгийн жижиг хэсэг юм.

№2.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Describe a typical day at school. How long have you had this routine?

3. What do you know about our company?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 2.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 1

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. While the binary system represents information by means of the combination of "0" and "1," we ordinarily use the decimal system.

2. Since programs and data are stored in the ROM from the beginning, the stored information is not lost even if the computer is turned off.

3. Утасгүй холбоо нь бидний өдөр тутмын амьдралд нэвтэрсэн байдаг.

№3.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.What do you enjoy doing in your free time? Do you think you get enough free time? Why/Why not?

3. What experience have you had in this type of work?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 3.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 1

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. The internal structure of a computer is composed of an enormous number of electronic circuits.

2. The user programmable ROM is a type of ROM, but since at the time it is shipped by the manufacturer it has nothing stored in it, the user can write data into it once.

3. Компьютер унтрах үед, хадгалагдсан өгөгдөл устана.

№4.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.Describe a part of the world you would lke to visit.What you would lke to do there?

3. Why did you leave your last job?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 4.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 2

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. A bit is the smallest unit that represents data inside the computer.

2. Once data has been written, it cannot be erased.

3.Үүнтэй адил, санах ойн хэсгийг түүний гүйцэтгэж байгаа үүргээс хамаарч үндсэн санах ой ба туслах санах ойн төхөөрөмж гэж хуваана.

№5.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.How popular is sport in your country?.Do you play any sport now? Why/Why not?

3. What do you look for in a job?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 5.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 2

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. 1 bit can represent only 2 values of data, "0" or "1," but 2 bits can represent 4 different values

2. Wireless Communication has been embedded into our daily routines.

3. ”Гадны төхөөрөмж” гэдэг нэр томьёо нь процессорын гадна байрлаж, төв санах ойн хэсэгтэй өгөгдөл солилцдог оролт, гаралтын хэсэг болон туслах санах ойн төхөөрөмжүүдэд хамаарна.

№6.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.Describe a person that you met recently and liked.

3. Can you tell me about one of your weaknesses?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 6.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 2

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Compared to a bit, which is the smallest unit that represents data inside the computer, a byte is a unit that represents with 8 bits 1 character or number.

2.Telecommunication was taking place before electricity and magnetism was even acknowledged.

3. Хянах хэсэг болон арифметик хэсэг нь нэгэн хэсэг болж ажилладаг бөгөөд эдгээрийг процессор буюу төв боловсруулах хэсэг гэж нэрлэдэг.

№7.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.How big is your family? How often do you spend time together?

3. Why should we hire you?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 1.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 3

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. The information represented by a string of "1's" and "0's" is called a bit pattern.

2.The telegraph, which was invented in 1837, played a major role in the advancement of telecommunications.

3. Оролтын хэсэг: Энэ хэсэг нь компьютераар боловсруулахын тулд өгөгдөл ба программыг оруулдаг. Энэ нь хүний нүд болон чихтэй төстэй.

№8.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.What do you enjoy doing as a family?How do you keep in touch with members ofyour family?

3. Where do you see yourself in 5 years from now?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 2.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 3

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. However, if the computers' internal operations were performed on the bit basis, the operation speed would be too low.

2. Despite all the good and convenience that Wireless products and services offer, there is always some disadvantages.

3. Тэгэхээр, танихад хүндрэлтэй байх болон хэтэрхий олон тоотой байх асуудлыг шийдэхийн тулд 16-тын системийг ашигладаг.

№9.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. How didyou learn to use a computer? Do you think it is important to know how to use a computer?

3. Have you got any questions for me?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 3.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 3

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of difficulty in identification and of a large number of digits hexadecimal system is used.

2. Wireless devices can provide us with the convenience of being easily reached.

3. Тоо хэмжээг аравтын тоог ашиглан дүрсэлж байгаа үед, 0-9 хүртэл 10 тоо хосолж хэрэглэгдэнэ.

№10

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Describe something you bought that you were not happy with.

3. What are your strengths?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 4.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 4

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. When quantities are represented using decimal numbers, 10 types of numerals from "0" to "9" are combined.

2. The need to keep in touch has fueled the drive for innovation in the Wireless Communication Industries.

3. Хэрвээ компьютерийн дотоод үйдлүүдийг бит дээр суурилан гүйцэтгэж байгаа бол үйлдлийн хурд хэтэрхий удаан болно.

№11.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.What kind of clothes do you wear for work/college?

3. How do you respond to stress and pressure?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 5.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 4

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Input unit: This unit inputs the data and programs for computer processing. It is equivalent to the human eyes and ears.

2. Mobility, portability and instant access via the Internet to unlimited information have become the mantra of businesses and individuals alike.

3. 1 болон 0-ын цуваагаар дүрслэгдсэн мэдээллийг битийн бүтэц гэж нэрлэдэг

№12.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.Do you prefer wearing formal or casual clothes? Why?

3.Give me an example of any major problem you faced and how you solved it.

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 6.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 4

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Since the control unit and the arithmetic unit are handled as one unit, they are called the processor (processing unit) or central processing unit (CPU).

2.The evolution of wireless communications has been incredibly quick and future of this technology is unlimited.

3. Компьютер доторх хамгийн жижиг хэсэг болох биттэй харьцуулахад байт нь 8 битийн 1 утга болон тоог илэрхийлж чадах хэсэг юм.

№13.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Do you like to get clothes as gifts from friends or family? Why/Why not?

3.What was your greatest failure?  What did you learn from it?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 1.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 5

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. The general term "peripheral devices" is used to refer to the input unit, the output unit and the auxiliary storage devices that are outside the processor and exchange data with the main storage unit.

2. Another advantage is the ability to send voice and data over the cellular phone network.

3. Нэг бит нь өгөгдлийн 0 ба 1 гэсэн зөвхөн хоёр утгыг үзүүлдэг бол харин 2 бит нь 4 өөр утгыг төлөөлж чадна.

№14.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Describe a family event you are looking forward to.

3.In your lifetime, what was your greatest accomplishment?  What did you learn from it?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 2.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 5

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Likewise, the storage units are divided into main storage unit and auxiliary storage device, depending on their functions.

2. You can interface, synchronize and exchange information between various peripherals.

3. Бит нь компьютер доторх өгөгдлийг төлөөлөн үзүүлдэг хамгийн жижиг хэсэг юм.

№15.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.What qualifications do you hope to get from your studies?

3.Give an example of when you've overcome a problem at work.

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 3.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 5

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. When the computer is turned off, the stored data is lost.

2. For a computer to do processing it is first necessary to input into the memory the programs which are contents of a task or processing procedures.

3. Компьютерийн дотоод бүтэц нь маш олон тооны электрон хэлхээнээс бүтдэг.

№16.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Do you meet many people in your job/studies? Why/Why not?

3.Why have you applied for this job?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 4.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 6

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. For a computer to do processing it is first necessary to input into the memory the programs which are contents of a task or processing procedures.

2. For that reason, an external clock signal that indicates the processor operation timing is now set in the DRAM

3. Хоёртын систем нь мэдээллийг 0 болон 1-ийн хослолын утгаар илэрхийлдэг ч бид ихэвчлэн аравтын системийг ашигладаг.

№17.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Tell me about the town or city you live in now.

3.What do you know about our company?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 5.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 6

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. While the binary system represents information by means of the combination of "0" and "1," we ordinarily use the decimal system.

2. Since programs and data are stored in the ROM from the beginning, the stored information is not lost even if the computer is turned off.

3. Утасгүй холбоо нь бидний өдөр тутмын амьдралд нэвтэрсэн байдаг.

№18.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Do tourists visit your city? Why/Why not?

3.What experience have you had in this type of work?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 6.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 6

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. The internal structure of a computer is composed of an enormous number of electronic circuits.

2. The user programmable ROM is a type of ROM, but since at the time it is shipped by the manufacturer it has nothing stored in it, the user can write data into it once.

3. Компьютер унтрах үед, хадгалагдсан өгөгдөл устана.

№19.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. What places do you think tourists should see in your city?

3.Why did you leave your last job?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 1.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 7

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. A bit is the smallest unit that represents data inside the computer.

2. Once data has been written, it cannot be erased.

3.Үүнтэй адил, санах ойн хэсгийг түүний гүйцэтгэж байгаа үүргээс хамаарч үндсэн санах ой ба туслах санах ойн төхөөрөмж гэж хуваана.

№20.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. What kind of music doyou prefer? Why?

3.What do you look for in a job?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 2.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 7

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. 1 bit can represent only 2 values of data, "0" or "1," but 2 bits can represent 4 different values

2. Wireless Communication has been embedded into our daily routines.

3. ”Гадны төхөөрөмж” гэдэг нэр томьёо нь процессорын гадна байрлаж, төв санах ойн хэсэгтэй өгөгдөл солилцдог оролт, гаралтын хэсэг болон туслах санах ойн төхөөрөмжүүдэд хамаарна.

№21.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Have you ever been to a music concert?Why/ Why not?

3.Can you tell me about one of your weaknesses?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 3.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 7

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Compared to a bit, which is the smallest unit that represents data inside the computer, a byte is a unit that represents with 8 bits 1 character or number.

2.Telecommunication was taking place before electricity and magnetism was even acknowledged.

3. Хянах хэсэг болон арифметик хэсэг нь нэгэн хэсэг болж ажилладаг бөгөөд эдгээрийг процессор буюу төв боловсруулах хэсэг гэж нэрлэдэг.

№22.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Do you think music is important to people?

3.Why should we hire you?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 4.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 8

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. The information represented by a string of "1's" and "0's" is called a bit pattern.

2.The telegraph, which was invented in 1837, played a major role in the advancement of telecommunications.

3. Оролтын хэсэг: Энэ хэсэг нь компьютераар боловсруулахын тулд өгөгдөл ба программыг оруулдаг. Энэ нь хүний нүд болон чихтэй төстэй.

№23.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Describe a TV or radio programme you enjoyed when you were a child.

3.Where do you see yourself in 5 years from now?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 5.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 8

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. However, if the computers' internal operations were performed on the bit basis, the operation speed would be too low.

2. Despite all the good and convenience that Wireless products and services offer, there is always some disadvantages.

3. Тэгэхээр, танихад хүндрэлтэй байх болон хэтэрхий олон тоотой байх асуудлыг шийдэхийн тулд 16-тын системийг ашигладаг.

№24.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Tell me about the town or city you live in now.

3. Have you got any questions for me?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 6.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 8

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of difficulty in identification and of a large number of digits hexadecimal system is used.

2. Wireless devices can provide us with the convenience of being easily reached.

3. Тоо хэмжээг аравтын тоог ашиглан дүрсэлж байгаа үед, 0-9 хүртэл 10 тоо хосолж хэрэглэгдэнэ.

№25

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Do tourists visit your city? Why/Why not?

3. What are your strengths?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 1.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 9

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. When quantities are represented using decimal numbers, 10 types of numerals from "0" to "9" are combined.

2. The need to keep in touch has fueled the drive for innovation in the Wireless Communication Industries.

3. Хэрвээ компьютерийн дотоод үйдлүүдийг бит дээр суурилан гүйцэтгэж байгаа бол үйлдлийн хурд хэтэрхий удаан болно.

№26.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. What kind of music doyou prefer? Why?

3. How do you respond to stress and pressure?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 2.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 9

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Input unit: This unit inputs the data and programs for computer processing. It is equivalent to the human eyes and ears.

2. Mobility, portability and instant access via the Internet to unlimited information have become the mantra of businesses and individuals alike.

3. 1 болон 0-ын цуваагаар дүрслэгдсэн мэдээллийг битийн бүтэц гэж нэрлэдэг

№27.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2.What qualifications do you hope to get from your studies?

3.Give me an example of any major problem you faced and how you solved it.

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 3.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 9

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. Since the control unit and the arithmetic unit are handled as one unit, they are called the processor (processing unit) or central processing unit (CPU).

2.The evolution of wireless communications has been incredibly quick and future of this technology is unlimited.

3. Компьютер доторх хамгийн жижиг хэсэг болох биттэй харьцуулахад байт нь 8 битийн 1 утга болон тоог илэрхийлж чадах хэсэг юм.

№28.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Describe a family event you are looking forward to.

3.What was your greatest failure?  What did you learn from it?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 4.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Table 10

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. The general term "peripheral devices" is used to refer to the input unit, the output unit and the auxiliary storage devices that are outside the processor and exchange data with the main storage unit.

2. Another advantage is the ability to send voice and data over the cellular phone network.

3. Нэг бит нь өгөгдлийн 0 ба 1 гэсэн зөвхөн хоёр утгыг үзүүлдэг бол харин 2 бит нь 4 өөр утгыг төлөөлж чадна.

№29.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. Do you like to get clothes as gifts from friends or family? Why/Why not?

3. Why have you applied for this job?

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 5.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Graph 10

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. For a computer to do processing it is first necessary to input into the memory the programs which are contents of a task or processing procedures.

2. For that reason, an external clock signal that indicates the processor operation timing is now set in the DRAM

3. Хоёртын систем нь мэдээллийг 0 болон 1-ийн хослолын утгаар илэрхийлдэг ч бид ихэвчлэн аравтын системийг ашигладаг.

№30.

I. Answer the questions. /6 points/

1.Can you tell me about yourself?

2. How didyou learn to use a computer? Do you think it is important to know how to use a computer?

3.Give an example of when you've overcome a problem at work.

II. Talk what you understand from the conversation /10 points/

            Listening test 6.

III.Describe the picture /tables, graphs, pictures/ /8 points/

Picture 10

IV. Translate the sentences./6 points/

1. When the computer is turned off, the stored data is lost.

2. For a computer to do processing it is first necessary to input into the memory the programs which are contents of a task or processing procedures.

3. Компьютерийн дотоод бүтэц нь маш олон тооны электрон хэлхээнээс бүтдэг.

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Questions about you

Tell me about yourself?

What are your strengths and weaknesses?

How would you describe yourself?

How do you respond to stress and pressure?

Where do you want to be in five years time?

Questions about your work experience and knowledge

How many employers have you worked for during the last five years?

Tell me about your education or training.

Give me an example of any major problem you faced and how you solved it.

What was your greatest failure?  What did you learn from it?

In your lifetime, what was your greatest accomplishment?  What did you learn from it?

Questions about why you want THIS job

Tell me/us about our company.

How did you learn about us?

How do you think you will fit into our company?

Tell me about your current job?

Why do you want to leave your current job?

Why do you want THIS job?

Are you applying for any other jobs?

Competency-based questions

Give an example of when you've overcome a problem at work.

What has been your greatest achievement?

Tell me about a time when you failed to complete a task or project on time, despite intending to do so?

How do you cope in adversity?

Give an example of when you've led a team.

What is ICT?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNi1bMcNuuY

Speaking topic

Доор өгсөн загварыг ашиглан эдгээр асуултанд хариулж бэлдэнэ үү. 

Can you tell me you name, please?

What nationality are you?

What part of your country are you from?

Tell me about your region.

Now lets talk about computers and the internet.

How often do you use a computer? What for?

Do you like using the internet? Why/Why not?

How did you learn to use a computer?

Do you think it is important to know how to use a computer? Why/why not?

Answers:

1.Only about twice a week.

2.All the time.

3.Not much compared with some people.

4.That’s always for using email. I hardly ever use it for websites and stuff.

5.....for things like writing work reports, or checking my mail.

6......because I haven’t got one myself. I have to use the ones at college.

Topic.

Describe a typical day at work, school or college.

You should say:

                        What you do

                        When you do it

                        How long you have had this routine.

Explain what you would like to change in your work or study routine.

Answers:

1.Well, my busiest time is usually in the mornings, because that’s when I ......

2.If I could change my schedule, I think I’dlike to have more time for ......

3.I suppose my routine’s been pretty much the same for the last.....

4.I’d better start by telling you that I’m currently .......

“Making Presentation”

     Start preparing early; don't wait until the last few days to prepare

  prepare it early, let it rest a little bit and come back to it

  practice your entire presentation-including your slides

  if you can practice it before a group of colleagues or friends

Think about Your Audience:

  who are they and why are they here;

  what are their interests;

  what do they know; what do they want to know; what is a worthwhile investment in their time

Be clear about your purpose:

  are you informing or persuading;

  tell them what you are going to do, tell them, tell them what you told them;

  what do you want the audience to know, feel, or believe afterwards

Use an Effective Introduction:

  orient the audience; explain why it is important; set the tone,

  establish a relationship between the speaker and the audience; establish credibility;

  avoid weak introductions such as apologies, jokes, rhetorical questions

Organize your presentation clearly and simply:

·         Prioritize topics and allocate time accordingly

·         stick to only 3-5 main points;

·         have a well thought pattern (examples are problem/solution, chronological, cause and effect, topical); use transitions to move smoothly from one point to the next

Use supporting materials to flesh out main points

  Use examples, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes

Compose for the Ear, not for the Eye:

  use simple words, simple sentences, markers, repetition, images, personal language ("You" and "I")

Create an Effective Conclusion:

  summarize, set final image, provide closure; don't trail off, don't use trite phrases

  don't just present data or summarized results and leave the audience to draw its own conclusions

  you have had much more time to work with your information than your audience; share your insight and understanding and tell them what you've concluded from your work

Sound spontaneous, conversational, enthusiastic-

  use key phrases in your notes so you don't have to read, use the overhead instead of notes;

  vary volume, don't be afraid of silence, don't use fillers like "um"...

  Practice, Practice, Practice

Use Body Language Effectively:

relaxed gestures, eye contact; don't play with a pen or pointer,

don't block visual aids

Use Visual Aids to Enhance the Message:

  you will probably need to use overhead transparencies in your presentation but to be effective, they must be designed and used properly

  use visuals to reinforce and clarify, not overwhelm;

  keep visual aids uncluttered; use titles to guide the audience

  if you use tapes or disks, make sure the equipment is compatible

Analyze the Environment:

  check out size of room, placement of chairs, time of day, temperature, distractions

  check out AV equipment ahead of time; have a spare bulb

2) Useful language for making a presentation

1.MAKING A START - Introducing yourself and your talk

Greeting, name, position:

- Good morning. My name’s (…). I’m ( the manager … ).

- Ladies and gentlemen. It’s an honour to have the opportunity to address

such a distinguished audience.

- Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my

background. I started out  in ...

- Welcome to (…). I knew I’ve met some of you, but just for the benefit of

            those I haven’t, my name’s (…). 

Title / subject

- I’d like to talk (to you) today about …

- I’m going to present  the recent … ( explain our position on …)

                       brief you on …;  (inform you about / describe… )

  - The subject of my talk

       focus               presentation         

       topic                paper (academic) ;      speech (usually to public audience)

Purpose / Objective

- We are here today to decide …  ( agree …;     learn about …)

- The purpose of this talk is to update you on … ( put you in the picture about …;  give you the background to …)

- This talk is designed to act as a springboard for discussion.

   Start the ball rolling.

Length

- I shall only take (…) minutes of your time.

- I plan to brief.                                   - This should be only last (…) minutes.

Outline / Main parts

- I’ve divided my presentation/talk into four  parts/sections. They are (…).

- The subject can be looked at under the following  headings: (…).

- We can break this area down into the following fields:

            Firstly / first of all …  

            Secondly / then / next …

            Thirdly / and then we come to …

            Finally / lastly / last of all ...

Questions

- I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.

- If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.

- Please interrupt me if there’s something which needs clarifying.

  Otherwise, there’ll be time for discussion at the end.

Reference to the audience

- I can see many of you are …;                      

- I know you’ve all travelled a long way.

- You all look as though you’ve heard this before.

- As I’m sure you know … ;                            - You may remember …

- We have all experienced …               - As I’m sure we’d all agree …

2. LINKING THE PARTS – Linking ideas

Sequencing / Ordering

- Firstly …    secondly …    thirdly … ;     

- Then …    next …   finally / lastly …

- Let’s start with …;     - So that covers ....            - Let’s move/go on to … ;

- Now we come to … ;             - That brings us to …   - Let’s leave that (there)… ;

- That covers …                       - Let’s get back to …;     … and turn to …

Giving reasons / causes:  Therefore / so;        as a result;        that’s why ;

Contrasting: But;         however;

Comparing: similarly; in the same way;

Contrasting: in fact; actually;

Summarizing: to sum up;        in brief / in short;

Concluding: in conclusion;  to conclude;

Highlighting: in particular;   especially;

Digressing: By the way ;   in passing;

Giving examples: For example / for instance;   such as;

           

4.VISUAL AIDS  * (No 6)

1. Use Key Phrases About Your Topic

2. Slide Layout is Important

3. Limit Punctuation and Avoid All Capital Letters

4. Avoid Fancy Fonts

5. Use Contrasting Colors For Text and Background

6. Use Slide Design Templates Effectively

7. Limit the Number Of Slides

8. Use Photos, Charts and Graphs

9. Avoid Excessive Use of Slide Transitions and Animations

10. Make Sure Your Presentation Can Run On Any Computer

5. BODY LANGUAGE – Emphasizing and minimizing

Emphasizing - Strong adverbs intensify adjectives.

-Total adverbs: absolutely (fantastic); completely (awful); entirely (depressing);

- Very strong adverbs: extremely (good); very (bad);

- Moderate adverbs: fairly (safe); reasonable   (expensive); quite (cheap);

Minimizing / Modifying

- It seems;  appear(s);   just;   a bit; 

- Perhaps;   might;     tend to;                           - To some extend;  

6. FINISHING OFF - Endings

Signalling the end

- That brings me to the end of my presentation.

- That completes my presentation.  - Before I stop / finish, let me just say …

- That covers all I wanted to say today.

Summarizing

- Let me just run over the key points again.    

- I’ll briefly summarize the main issues.                      - To sum up …            - Briefly …

Concluding

- As you can see, there are some very good  reasons …  - In conclusion …

- I’d like to leave you with the following thought / idea.

Recommending

- So, I would suggest that we …                       - I’d like to propose … (more formal).

- In my opinion, the only way forward is …

Closing

- Thanks.                                    - Thank you for your attention.

- Thank you for listening.          - I hope you will have gained an insight into …

Inviting questions

- I’d be glad to try and answer any questions.

- So, let’s throw it open to questions.               - Any questions?

7. QUESTION TIME – Asking and answering questions.

Welcoming a question

- Go ahead  / Please do / Certainly.

- That’s a good question.                     - That’s interesting.

Clarifying a question

- If I understand you correctly, you are saying / asking …

- I didn’t quite catch that.                                 - Could you go over that again?

- I’m not sure what you’re getting at.

       Avoiding giving an answer / or taking time to think before answering

- Perhaps we could deal with that later.           

- Can we talk about that on another occasion?                        

- I’m afraid that’s not my field.                       - I don’t have the figures with me.

- I’m sure Mr. (…) could answer that question.

- That’s interesting, but I’d prefer not to answer that  today.

      Checking the questioner is satisfied

- Does that answer your question?  - Is that clear?       - May we go on?